下拉菜单 Dropdown - Ant Design

向下弹出的列表。

何时使用

当页面上的操作命令过多时，用此组件可以收纳操作元素。点击或移入触点，会出现一个下拉菜单。可在列表中进行选择，并执行相应的命令。

用于收罗一组命令操作。
Select 用于选择，而 Dropdown 是命令集合。

代码演示

最简单的下拉菜单。

TypeScript
JavaScript
import React from 'react';
import { DownOutlined, SmileOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
import type { MenuProps } from 'antd';
import { Dropdown, Space } from 'antd';

const items: MenuProps['items'] = [
  {
    key: '1',
    label: (
      <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.antgroup.com">
        1st menu item
      </a>
    ),
  },
  {
    key: '2',
    label: (
      <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.aliyun.com">
        2nd menu item (disabled)
      </a>
    ),
    icon: <SmileOutlined />,
    disabled: true,
  },
  {
    key: '3',
    label: (
      <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.luohanacademy.com">
        3rd menu item (disabled)
      </a>
    ),
    disabled: true,
  },
  {
    key: '4',
    danger: true,
    label: 'a danger item',
  },
];

const App: React.FC = () => (
  <Dropdown menu={{ items }}>
    <a onClick={(e) => e.preventDefault()}>
      <Space>
        Hover me
        <DownOutlined />
      </Space>
    </a>
  </Dropdown>
);

export default App;

可以展示一个箭头。

TypeScript
JavaScript
import React from 'react';
import type { MenuProps } from 'antd';
import { Button, Dropdown } from 'antd';

const items: MenuProps['items'] = [
  {
    key: '1',
    label: (
      <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.antgroup.com">
        1st menu item
      </a>
    ),
  },
  {
    key: '2',
    label: (
      <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.aliyun.com">
        2nd menu item
      </a>
    ),
  },
  {
    key: '3',
    label: (
      <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.luohanacademy.com">
        3rd menu item
      </a>
    ),
  },
];

const App: React.FC = () => (
  <>
    <Dropdown menu={{ items }} placement="bottomLeft" arrow>
      <Button>bottomLeft</Button>
    </Dropdown>
    <Dropdown menu={{ items }} placement="bottom" arrow>
      <Button>bottom</Button>
    </Dropdown>
    <Dropdown menu={{ items }} placement="bottomRight" arrow>
      <Button>bottomRight</Button>
    </Dropdown>
    <br />
    <Dropdown menu={{ items }} placement="topLeft" arrow>
      <Button>topLeft</Button>
    </Dropdown>
    <Dropdown menu={{ items }} placement="top" arrow>
      <Button>top</Button>
    </Dropdown>
    <Dropdown menu={{ items }} placement="topRight" arrow>
      <Button>topRight</Button>
    </Dropdown>
  </>
);

export default App;
#components-dropdown-demo-arrow .ant-btn {
  margin-right: 8px;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ant-row-rtl #components-dropdown-demo-arrow .ant-btn {
  margin-right: 0;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  margin-left: 8px;
}

设置 arrow 为 { pointAtCenter: true } 后，箭头将指向目标元素的中心。

TypeScript
JavaScript
import React from 'react';
import type { MenuProps } from 'antd';
import { Button, Dropdown } from 'antd';

const items: MenuProps['items'] = [
  {
    key: '1',
    label: (
      <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.antgroup.com">
        1st menu item
      </a>
    ),
  },
  {
    key: '2',
    label: (
      <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.aliyun.com">
        2nd menu item
      </a>
    ),
  },
  {
    key: '3',
    label: (
      <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.luohanacademy.com">
        3rd menu item
      </a>
    ),
  },
];

const App: React.FC = () => (
  <>
    <Dropdown menu={{ items }} placement="bottomLeft" arrow={{ pointAtCenter: true }}>
      <Button>bottomLeft</Button>
    </Dropdown>
    <Dropdown menu={{ items }} placement="bottom" arrow={{ pointAtCenter: true }}>
      <Button>bottom</Button>
    </Dropdown>
    <Dropdown menu={{ items }} placement="bottomRight" arrow={{ pointAtCenter: true }}>
      <Button>bottomRight</Button>
    </Dropdown>
    <br />
    <Dropdown menu={{ items }} placement="topLeft" arrow={{ pointAtCenter: true }}>
      <Button>topLeft</Button>
    </Dropdown>
    <Dropdown menu={{ items }} placement="top" arrow={{ pointAtCenter: true }}>
      <Button>top</Button>
    </Dropdown>
    <Dropdown menu={{ items }} placement="topRight" arrow={{ pointAtCenter: true }}>
      <Button>topRight</Button>
    </Dropdown>
  </>
);

export default App;
#components-dropdown-demo-arrow-center .ant-btn {
  margin-right: 8px;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ant-row-rtl #components-dropdown-demo-arrow-center .ant-btn {
  margin-right: 0;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  margin-left: 8px;
}

点击菜单项后会触发事件，用户可以通过相应的菜单项 key 进行不同的操作。

TypeScript
JavaScript
import React from 'react';
import { DownOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
import type { MenuProps } from 'antd';
import { Dropdown, message, Space } from 'antd';

const onClick: MenuProps['onClick'] = ({ key }) => {
  message.info(`Click on item ${key}`);
};

const items: MenuProps['items'] = [
  {
    label: '1st menu item',
    key: '1',
  },
  {
    label: '2nd menu item',
    key: '2',
  },
  {
    label: '3rd menu item',
    key: '3',
  },
];

const App: React.FC = () => (
  <Dropdown menu={{ items, onClick }}>
    <a onClick={(e) => e.preventDefault()}>
      <Space>
        Hover me, Click menu item
        <DownOutlined />
      </Space>
    </a>
  </Dropdown>
);

export default App;

使用 dropdownRender 对下拉菜单进行自由扩展。如果你并不需要 Menu 内容，请直接使用 Popover 组件。

TypeScript
JavaScript
import React from 'react';
import { DownOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
import { Dropdown, Space, Divider, Button, theme } from 'antd';
import type { MenuProps } from 'antd';

const { useToken } = theme;

const items: MenuProps['items'] = [
  {
    key: '1',
    label: (
      <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.antgroup.com">
        1st menu item
      </a>
    ),
  },
  {
    key: '2',
    label: (
      <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.aliyun.com">
        2nd menu item (disabled)
      </a>
    ),
    disabled: true,
  },
  {
    key: '3',
    label: (
      <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.luohanacademy.com">
        3rd menu item (disabled)
      </a>
    ),
    disabled: true,
  },
];

const App: React.FC = () => {
  const { token } = useToken();

  const contentStyle = {
    backgroundColor: token.colorBgElevated,
    borderRadius: token.borderRadiusLG,
    boxShadow: token.boxShadowSecondary,
  };

  const menuStyle = {
    boxShadow: 'none',
  };

  return (
    <Dropdown
      menu={{ items }}
      dropdownRender={(menu) => (
        <div style={contentStyle}>
          {React.cloneElement(menu as React.ReactElement, { style: menuStyle })}
          <Divider style={{ margin: 0 }} />
          <Space style={{ padding: 8 }}>
            <Button type="primary">Click me!</Button>
          </Space>
        </div>
      )}
    >
      <a onClick={(e) => e.preventDefault()}>
        <Space>
          Hover me
          <DownOutlined />
        </Space>
      </a>
    </Dropdown>
  );
};

export default App;

菜单隐藏方式

默认是点击关闭菜单，可以关闭此功能。

TypeScript
JavaScript
import React, { useState } from 'react';
import { DownOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
import type { MenuProps } from 'antd';
import { Dropdown, Space } from 'antd';

const App: React.FC = () => {
  const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);

  const handleMenuClick: MenuProps['onClick'] = (e) => {
    if (e.key === '3') {
      setOpen(false);
    }
  };

  const handleOpenChange = (flag: boolean) => {
    setOpen(flag);
  };

  const items: MenuProps['items'] = [
    {
      label: 'Clicking me will not close the menu.',
      key: '1',
    },
    {
      label: 'Clicking me will not close the menu also.',
      key: '2',
    },
    {
      label: 'Clicking me will close the menu.',
      key: '3',
    },
  ];

  return (
    <Dropdown
      menu={{
        items,
        onClick: handleMenuClick,
      }}
      onOpenChange={handleOpenChange}
      open={open}
    >
      <a onClick={(e) => e.preventDefault()}>
        <Space>
          Hover me
          <DownOutlined />
        </Space>
      </a>
    </Dropdown>
  );
};

export default App;

加载中状态

添加 loading 属性即可让按钮处于加载状态，最后两个按钮演示点击后进入加载状态。

TypeScript
JavaScript
import React, { useState } from 'react';
import { DownOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
import type { MenuProps } from 'antd';
import { Dropdown, Space } from 'antd';

const items: MenuProps['items'] = [
  {
    label: 'Submit and continue',
    key: '1',
  },
];

const App: React.FC = () => {
  const [loadings, setLoadings] = useState<boolean[]>([]);

  const enterLoading = (index: number) => {
    setLoadings((state) => {
      const newLoadings = [...state];
      newLoadings[index] = true;
      return newLoadings;
    });

    setTimeout(() => {
      setLoadings((state) => {
        const newLoadings = [...state];
        newLoadings[index] = false;
        return newLoadings;
      });
    }, 6000);
  };

  return (
    <Space direction="vertical">
      <Dropdown.Button type="primary" loading menu={{ items }}>
        Submit
      </Dropdown.Button>
      <Dropdown.Button type="primary" size="small" loading menu={{ items }}>
        Submit
      </Dropdown.Button>
      <Dropdown.Button
        type="primary"
        loading={loadings[0]}
        menu={{ items }}
        onClick={() => enterLoading(0)}
      >
        Submit
      </Dropdown.Button>
      <Dropdown.Button
        icon={<DownOutlined />}
        loading={loadings[1]}
        menu={{ items }}
        onClick={() => enterLoading(1)}
      >
        Submit
      </Dropdown.Button>
    </Space>
  );
};

export default App;

支持 6 个弹出位置。

TypeScript
JavaScript
import React from 'react';
import type { MenuProps } from 'antd';
import { Button, Dropdown, Space } from 'antd';

const items: MenuProps['items'] = [
  {
    key: '1',
    label: (
      <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.antgroup.com">
        1st menu item
      </a>
    ),
  },
  {
    key: '2',
    label: (
      <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.aliyun.com">
        2nd menu item
      </a>
    ),
  },
  {
    key: '3',
    label: (
      <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.luohanacademy.com">
        3rd menu item
      </a>
    ),
  },
];

const App: React.FC = () => (
  <Space direction="vertical">
    <Space wrap>
      <Dropdown menu={{ items }} placement="bottomLeft">
        <Button>bottomLeft</Button>
      </Dropdown>
      <Dropdown menu={{ items }} placement="bottom">
        <Button>bottom</Button>
      </Dropdown>
      <Dropdown menu={{ items }} placement="bottomRight">
        <Button>bottomRight</Button>
      </Dropdown>
    </Space>
    <Space wrap>
      <Dropdown menu={{ items }} placement="topLeft">
        <Button>topLeft</Button>
      </Dropdown>
      <Dropdown menu={{ items }} placement="top">
        <Button>top</Button>
      </Dropdown>
      <Dropdown menu={{ items }} placement="topRight">
        <Button>topRight</Button>
      </Dropdown>
    </Space>
  </Space>
);

export default App;

分割线和不可用菜单项。

TypeScript
JavaScript
import React from 'react';
import { DownOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
import type { MenuProps } from 'antd';
import { Dropdown, Space } from 'antd';

const items: MenuProps['items'] = [
  {
    label: (
      <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.antgroup.com">
        1st menu item
      </a>
    ),
    key: '0',
  },
  {
    label: (
      <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.aliyun.com">
        2nd menu item
      </a>
    ),
    key: '1',
  },
  {
    type: 'divider',
  },
  {
    label: '3rd menu item（disabled）',
    key: '3',
    disabled: true,
  },
];

const App: React.FC = () => (
  <Dropdown menu={{ items }}>
    <a onClick={(e) => e.preventDefault()}>
      <Space>
        Hover me
        <DownOutlined />
      </Space>
    </a>
  </Dropdown>
);

export default App;

默认是移入触发菜单，可以点击触发。

TypeScript
JavaScript
import React from 'react';
import { DownOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
import type { MenuProps } from 'antd';
import { Dropdown, Space } from 'antd';

const items: MenuProps['items'] = [
  {
    label: <a href="https://www.antgroup.com">1st menu item</a>,
    key: '0',
  },
  {
    label: <a href="https://www.aliyun.com">2nd menu item</a>,
    key: '1',
  },
  {
    type: 'divider',
  },
  {
    label: '3rd menu item',
    key: '3',
  },
];

const App: React.FC = () => (
  <Dropdown menu={{ items }} trigger={['click']}>
    <a onClick={(e) => e.preventDefault()}>
      <Space>
        Click me
        <DownOutlined />
      </Space>
    </a>
  </Dropdown>
);

export default App;

带下拉框的按钮

左边是按钮，右边是额外的相关功能菜单。可设置 icon 属性来修改右边的图标。

TypeScript
JavaScript
import React from 'react';
import { DownOutlined, UserOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
import type { MenuProps } from 'antd';
import { Button, Dropdown, message, Space, Tooltip } from 'antd';

const handleButtonClick = (e: React.MouseEvent<HTMLButtonElement>) => {
  message.info('Click on left button.');
  console.log('click left button', e);
};

const handleMenuClick: MenuProps['onClick'] = (e) => {
  message.info('Click on menu item.');
  console.log('click', e);
};

const items: MenuProps['items'] = [
  {
    label: '1st menu item',
    key: '1',
    icon: <UserOutlined />,
  },
  {
    label: '2nd menu item',
    key: '2',
    icon: <UserOutlined />,
  },
  {
    label: '3rd menu item',
    key: '3',
    icon: <UserOutlined />,
    danger: true,
  },
  {
    label: '4rd menu item',
    key: '4',
    icon: <UserOutlined />,
    danger: true,
    disabled: true,
  },
];

const menuProps = {
  items,
  onClick: handleMenuClick,
};

const App: React.FC = () => (
  <Space wrap>
    <Dropdown.Button menu={menuProps} onClick={handleButtonClick}>
      Dropdown
    </Dropdown.Button>
    <Dropdown.Button menu={menuProps} placement="bottom" icon={<UserOutlined />}>
      Dropdown
    </Dropdown.Button>
    <Dropdown.Button menu={menuProps} onClick={handleButtonClick} disabled>
      Dropdown
    </Dropdown.Button>
    <Dropdown.Button
      menu={menuProps}
      buttonsRender={([leftButton, rightButton]) => [
        <Tooltip title="tooltip" key="leftButton">
          {leftButton}
        </Tooltip>,
        React.cloneElement(rightButton as React.ReactElement<any, string>, { loading: true }),
      ]}
    >
      With Tooltip
    </Dropdown.Button>
    <Dropdown menu={menuProps}>
      <Button>
        <Space>
          Button
          <DownOutlined />
        </Space>
      </Button>
    </Dropdown>
    <Dropdown.Button menu={menuProps} onClick={handleButtonClick} danger>
      Danger
    </Dropdown.Button>
  </Space>
);

export default App;

传入的菜单里有多个层级。

TypeScript
JavaScript
import React from 'react';
import { DownOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
import type { MenuProps } from 'antd';
import { Dropdown, Space } from 'antd';

const items: MenuProps['items'] = [
  {
    key: '1',
    type: 'group',
    label: 'Group title',
    children: [
      {
        key: '1-1',
        label: '1st menu item',
      },
      {
        key: '1-2',
        label: '2nd menu item',
      },
    ],
  },
  {
    key: '2',
    label: 'sub menu',
    children: [
      {
        key: '2-1',
        label: '3rd menu item',
      },
      {
        key: '2-2',
        label: '4th menu item',
      },
    ],
  },
  {
    key: '3',
    label: 'disabled sub menu',
    disabled: true,
    children: [
      {
        key: '3-1',
        label: '5d menu item',
      },
      {
        key: '3-2',
        label: '6th menu item',
      },
    ],
  },
];

const App: React.FC = () => (
  <Dropdown menu={{ items }}>
    <a onClick={(e) => e.preventDefault()}>
      <Space>
        Cascading menu
        <DownOutlined />
      </Space>
    </a>
  </Dropdown>
);

export default App;

默认是移入触发菜单，可以点击鼠标右键触发。

TypeScript
JavaScript
import React from 'react';
import type { MenuProps } from 'antd';
import { Dropdown, theme } from 'antd';

const items: MenuProps['items'] = [
  {
    label: '1st menu item',
    key: '1',
  },
  {
    label: '2nd menu item',
    key: '2',
  },
  {
    label: '3rd menu item',
    key: '3',
  },
];

const App: React.FC = () => {
  const {
    token: { colorBgLayout, colorTextTertiary },
  } = theme.useToken();

  return (
    <Dropdown menu={{ items }} trigger={['contextMenu']}>
      <div
        style={{
          color: colorTextTertiary,
          background: colorBgLayout,
          height: 200,
          textAlign: 'center',
          lineHeight: '200px',
        }}
      >
        Right Click on here
      </div>
    </Dropdown>
  );
};

export default App;

菜单可选选择

添加 menu 中的 selectable 属性可以开启选择能力。

TypeScript
JavaScript
import React from 'react';
import { DownOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
import type { MenuProps } from 'antd';
import { Dropdown, Space, Typography } from 'antd';

const items: MenuProps['items'] = [
  {
    key: '1',
    label: 'Item 1',
  },
  {
    key: '2',
    label: 'Item 2',
  },
  {
    key: '3',
    label: 'Item 3',
  },
];

const App: React.FC = () => (
  <Dropdown
    menu={{
      items,
      selectable: true,
      defaultSelectedKeys: ['3'],
    }}
  >
    <Typography.Link>
      <Space>
        Selectable
        <DownOutlined />
      </Space>
    </Typography.Link>
  </Dropdown>
);

export default App;

API

属性如下

参数	说明	类型	默认值	版本
arrow	下拉框箭头是否显示	boolean \| { pointAtCenter: boolean }	false
autoAdjustOverflow	下拉框被遮挡时自动调整位置	boolean	true	5.2.0
autoFocus	打开后自动聚焦下拉框	boolean	false	4.21.0
disabled	菜单是否禁用	boolean	-
destroyPopupOnHide	关闭后是否销毁 Dropdown	boolean	false
dropdownRender	自定义下拉框内容	(menus: ReactNode) => ReactNode	-	4.24.0
getPopupContainer	菜单渲染父节点。默认渲染到 body 上，如果你遇到菜单滚动定位问题，试试修改为滚动的区域，并相对其定位。示例	(triggerNode: HTMLElement) => HTMLElement	() => document.body
menu	菜单配置项	MenuProps	-	4.24.0
overlayClassName	下拉根元素的类名称	string	-
overlayStyle	下拉根元素的样式	CSSProperties	-
placement	菜单弹出位置：`bottom` `bottomLeft` `bottomRight` `top` `topLeft` `topRight`	string	`bottomLeft`
trigger	触发下拉的行为, 移动端不支持 hover	Array<`click`\|`hover`\|`contextMenu`>	[`hover`]
open	菜单是否显示，小于 4.23.0 使用 `visible`（为什么?）	boolean	-	4.23.0
onOpenChange	菜单显示状态改变时调用，点击菜单按钮导致的消失不会触发。小于 4.23.0 使用 `onVisibleChange`（为什么?）	(open: boolean) => void	-	4.23.0

Dropdown.Button

属性与 Dropdown 的相同。还包含以下属性：

参数	说明	类型	默认值	版本
buttonsRender	自定义左右两个按钮	(buttons: ReactNode[]) => ReactNode[]	-
loading	设置按钮载入状态	boolean \| { delay: number }	false
danger	设置危险按钮	boolean	-	4.23.0
icon	右侧的 icon	ReactNode	-
size	按钮大小，和 Button 一致	string	`default`
type	按钮类型，和 Button 一致	string	`default`
onClick	点击左侧按钮的回调，和 Button 一致	(event) => void	-

注意

请确保 Dropdown 的子元素能接受 onMouseEnter、onMouseLeave、onFocus、onClick 事件。

Design Token

Global Token